17 Eylül 2012 Pazartesi

Cranial Nerves Summary



Name
Components
Cranial Exit
Functions
Region entered
Main functions
Type
I
Olfactory
              
Cribriform plate
(ethmoidal bone)
Smell from nasal mucosa
nasal cavity
smell
Some
sensory
II
Optic
             
Optic canal
Vision from Retina
orbit

Say
sensory
III
Oculomotor
                 
Optic canal
Superio, Inferior, Medial  rectus mm
Inferior oblique m
Sphincter papillae m./Ciliary m.

orbit
eyelid & eyeball movement
Marry

motor
IV
Trochlear
              

Superior oblique m.
orbit
Eyes ¯
Money
motor
V
Trigeminal
V1
 Ophtalmic
Superior orbital fissure
skin and mucosa in region at and above orbit

orbit
-Face and mouth touch and pain




-Chewing
But
both
V2
 Maxillary
Foramen rotundum
skin and mucosa in region from orbit to mouth

pterygopala-tine fossa
V3
Mandibular
Foramen ovale
· “My A$$ Meets The Toilet”
· “Buccaneers Are Inferior Linguists”
(skin and mucosa from region at and below the mouth)

Infra-temporal fossa
VI
Abducent
             
Superior orbital fissure
Lateral rectus
orbit
eyeball movement
My
motor
VII
Facial






             
stylomastoid foramen
“Ten zebras Bough My Car”
(muscles of facial expression:
stapedius/stylohyoid/mylohyoid/posterior digastric)






temporal bone
-Facial expression

-Secretion of tears & saliva

Brother
both
             
petrotympanic fissure
taste, anterior 2/3 tongue
             
petrotympanic fissure
parasympathetic: submandibular ganglia (innervates submandibular and sublingual glands)
             
pterygoid canal
parasympathetic to: pterygopalatine ganglia (innervates lacrimal gland, nasal glands, and palatine glands)
VIII
Vestibulo-
cohlear
             
Internal acoustic meatus
· Semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule
· Spiral organ
temporal bone
Balance
Says
motor
IX
Glosso-
pharyngeal

               











Jugular foramen

Stylopharynges muscle
ParaSYM to parotid gland
Parotid gland; carotid body/sinus; pharynx; mid.ear
Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue
Cutaneous sens. external ear


neck
-Senses carotid blood P

-Taste
Big
Both
X
Vagus
               

Constrictors of pharynx; intrinsic mm oflarynx; striated m in superior 2/3 of esophagus;
ParaSYM to smooth mm trachea; bronchi; digestive; cardiac muscle
Base of tongue; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; heart; esophagus; stomach; intestine
Taste from epiglottis, palate
auricle, external auditory meatus


neck

(travels within the carotid sheath, posterior to IJV and CCA)
-Senses aortic blood P
-Taste
-Heart beat rate
-GI peristalsis
-Sweating
Brains
both
XI
Accessory
Cranial root
Muscles of soft palate; pharynx;  larynx
neck
Swallow-ing

Shoulder elevation
Matter
Motor
Spinal root
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

XII
Hypoglossal
             

Hypoglossal canal
Muscles of tongue
(except palatoglossus)
neck
(C1 travels with it)
Tongue
Most
motor
m-muscle; mm-muscles;
IJV- external jugular vein; CCA - common carotid artery

Motor Components of Cranial Nerves

Somatic Motor

               
Orbit and tongue muscles (muscles that are not derived from pharyngeal arches)
Branchial Motor

               
Muscles of face, larynx, pharynx muscles (muscles that are derived from pharyngeal arches)
Visceral Motor

               
Smooth muscles, glands

 

Sensory Components of Cranial Nerves

General Sensory

               
General sensation such as touch, pain
Usually  CONSCIOUS sensations
Visceral Sensory

               
Sensation from glands, organs         
Usually  UNCONSIOUS sensations
Special Sensory

               
Vision, smell, olfaction, hearing, balance


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