Lower Limb Articulations/Movements

Hip Joint

Flexion  Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis forward. Iliopsoas Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Sartorius Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus	Extension Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis backward. Gluteus maximus Semitendiunosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris (long head) Adductor magnus (ischial fibers)
Adduction Medial movement toward the midline of the body; moving the thigh inward with hip straight. Adductors Pectineus Gracilis Gluteus maximus, lower fibers	Abduction Lateral movement away from the midline of the body; moving the thigh outward with hip straight. Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius
Medial Rotation (Internal Rotation) Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the center of the body; turning the thigh or pelvis inward. Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus, anterior fibers	Lateral Rotation (External Rotation) Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the center of the body; turning the thigh or pelvis outward. Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Obturator internus Obturator externus Quadratus femoris Piriformis Gluteus maximus Sartorius Gluteus medius, posterior fibers

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Knee Joint

Flexion Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the lower leg toward the back of the thigh. Hamstrings Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus Gastrocnemius	Extension Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the lower leg away from the back of the thigh. Quadriceps femoris
Medial Rotation (Internal Rotation) Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the center of the body; with the knee bent, turning the lower leg inward. Popliteus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius Gracilis	Lateral Rotation (External Rotation) Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the center of the body; with the knee bent, turning the lower leg outward. Biceps femoris

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Ankle Joint  

Plantar Flexion Extension of the ankle resulting in the sole (plantar surface of the foot) moving away from the body. Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis posterior Flexor digitorium longus

Dorsal Flexion Flexion of the ankle resulting in the top of the foot (dorsum) moving toward the body. See dorsiflexion inflexibility. Tibialis anterior Extension digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Peroneus tertius

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Intertarsal Joint

Inversion (Supination) Turning the foot medially resulting in the sole moving inward. Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior

Eversion (Pronation) Turning the foot laterally resulting in the sole moving outward. Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Peroneus tertius