17 Eylül 2012 Pazartesi

Lower Limb Articulations/Movements


Hip Joint

Flexion

 Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis forward.

 

Extension

Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis backward.

 

Adduction

Medial movement toward the midline of the body; moving the thigh inward with hip straight.

 

Abduction

Lateral movement away from the midline of the body; moving the thigh outward with hip straight.

 

Medial Rotation (Internal Rotation)

Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the center of the body; turning the thigh or pelvis inward.

Lateral Rotation (External Rotation)

Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the center of the body; turning the thigh or pelvis outward.

 



Knee Joint

Flexion

Bending the joint resulting in a decrease of angle; moving the lower leg toward the back of the thigh.

Extension

Straightening the joint resulting in an increase of angle; moving the lower leg away from the back of the thigh.

Medial Rotation (Internal Rotation)

Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the center of the body; with the knee bent, turning the lower leg inward.

Lateral Rotation (External Rotation)

Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the center of the body; with the knee bent, turning the lower leg outward.




Ankle Joint  

Plantar Flexion

Extension of the ankle resulting in the sole (plantar surface of the foot) moving away from the body.
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor hallucis posterior
  • Flexor digitorium longus

Dorsal Flexion

Flexion of the ankle resulting in the top of the foot (dorsum) moving toward the body. See dorsiflexion inflexibility.
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extension digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Peroneus tertius



Intertarsal Joint

Inversion (Supination)

Turning the foot medially resulting in the sole moving inward.

 

Eversion (Pronation)

Turning the foot laterally resulting in the sole moving outward.
  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Peroneus tertius

 

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